Symposium on Natural and Applied Sciences
Symposium on Natural and Applied Sciences Aim & Scope: This symposium focuses on fundamental and applied research in physics, chemistry, mathematics, and related natural sciences. It supports both theoretical and experimental studies that contribute to scientific advancement and practical applications. About E-Conferencia Platform: Through E-Conferencia, this symposium ensures an accessible digital environment for global knowledge exchange, allowing researchers to disseminate findings openly while maintaining rigorous peer-review standards. Hosted Online from: London, United Kingdom Schedule: 5th of Each Month
O‘QISH SAVODXONLIGI DARSLARIDA SAVOL-TOPSHIRIQLAR TIZIMI ORQALI MATNNI TUSHUNISH KO‘NIKMALARINI RIVOJLANTIRISH
Ushbu maqolada boshlang‘ich sinf o‘qish savodxonligi darslarida savol-topshiriqlar tizimi orqali matnni tushunish ko‘nikmalarini rivojlantirish muammosi tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada savolning oddiy nazorat vositasi emas, balki o‘quvchini matn bilan muloqotga kirita oladigan, dalil izlashga, sabab-oqibat bog‘lanishlarini aniqlashga, qahramon xatti-harakatini baholashga, matndan tashqari xulosa chiqarishga va mustaqil fikr bildirishga undaydigan didaktik mexanizm ekanligi asoslanadi. Tadqiqotda reproduktiv, izohli, tahliliy, muammoli, inferensial va ijodiy savollar tizimi ajratib ko‘rsatildi. Savol-topshiriqlarni bosqichli, mezonli va kompetensiyaga yo‘naltirilgan tarzda tuzish boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilarida o‘qish motivatsiyasi, nutqiy faollik, semantik xotira va mantiqiy fikrlashni kuchaytirishi aniqlanadi.
savol-topshiriq, matnni tushunish, o‘qish savodxonligi, inferensial fikrlash, boshlang‘ich sinf, tahliliy savol, dalil bilan javob
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
THE CULTURE OF MARRIAGE IN FAMILY RELATIONS
This article examines the culture of marriage within the framework of family relations, highlighting its significance as a matter of state importance for nurturing future generations. Drawing on the etymological roots of 'nikah' as a sacred union, the author explores the foundational role of the family as the primary nucleus of society. The study defines marital culture through its physiological, ethical, and legal dimensions, emphasizing that a successful marriage requires both physical health and spiritual maturity. The source identifies several contemporary challenges, including the negative influence of "popular culture" on youth, the risks associated with virtual courtship, and the critical issue of consanguineous marriages, which significantly increase the risk of genetic disorders. Furthermore, the article underscores the importance of legal literacy and mutual respect between spouses to prevent domestic abuse. Ultimately, the author concludes that stable family relations, anchored in discipline and respect for rights, are essential for the prosperity of the nation and the state.
Marriage culture, family relations, nikah, matchmaking, consanguineous marriage, genetic disorders, ethical education, youth, legal protection, Uzbekistan.
DEVELOPMENT AND DISTINCTIVE FEATURES OF THE NON-STATE EDUCATION SYSTEM IN NEW UZBEKISTAN
This article analyzes the role of non-state education in the education system of Uzbekistan, as well as the reforms implemented in recent years and their outcomes. Furthermore, it reveals the impact of the development of non-state education on social progress and the intellectual profile of society.
non-state education, competitive workforce, human capital, quality competition.
THE POETICS OF IDENTITY CRISIS IN CONTEMPORARY DETECTIVE FICTION
This paper explores how contemporary detective fiction transforms the detective protagonist into a figure of existential uncertainty. Through a comparative reading of Nuriddin Ismoilov's “O'limga mahkum qilinganlar” and “Tana French's In the Woods”, the study argues that the modern detective is no longer presented only as an investigator who solves a criminal case. Instead, the protagonist becomes a character whose work exposes a deeper crisis of identity, memory, loyalty, and moral responsibility. In Ismoilov's novel, Sobir exists inside a dangerous world of secret service, disguise, and constant vigilance, and this environment makes identity appear unstable but ethically necessary. In French's novel, the detective is shaped by memory, trauma, and the pressure of an unresolved past, so the investigation becomes a personal search for meaning as much as a professional task. The comparison shows that detective fiction in the contemporary period often uses crime narratives to examine the fragile relation between outward roles and inward selfhood.
contemporary detective fiction; identity crisis; existential hero; psychological conflict; moral responsibility; memory; trauma; Nuriddin Ismoilov; Tana French; detective protagonist
AYOL OBRAZINING DAVRIY TRANSFORMATSIYASI: ANTIK ADABIYOT VA HOZIRGI DAVR ADABIYOTI MISOLIDA
Mazkur maqolada antik davr adabiyoti va hozirgi davr adabiyotida ayol obrazining tasvirlanishidagi davriy transformatsiya badiiy-estetik, ijtimoiy-falsafiy va psixologik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Antik adabiyotda ayol obrazi ko‘pincha mifologik tafakkur, ilohiy kuchlar, taqdir, qahramonlik, sadoqat va fojeaviy qarama-qarshiliklar bilan bog‘liq holda gavdalangan bo‘lsa, hozirgi davr adabiyotida u mustaqil shaxs, ichki kechinmalarga ega subyekt, ijtimoiy muhit bilan ziddiyatga kirishuvchi va o‘zligini anglashga intiluvchi obraz sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi. Tadqiqotda Gomer, Sofokl, Evripid kabi antik mualliflar hamda zamonaviy adabiyot vakillari ijodidagi ayol obrazlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinadi. Maqolada ayol obrazining tarixiy taraqqiyoti adabiyotning inson, jamiyat, axloq va gender munosabatlarini anglashdagi badiiy imkoniyatlarini kengaytirgani asoslanadi.
ayol obrazi, antik adabiyot, hozirgi davr adabiyoti, transformatsiya, mifologik tafakkur, gender, ijtimoiy muhit, ruhiy kechinma, badiiy talqin.
SOURCES OF FINANCING THE SOCIAL SERVICES MARKET AND WAYS TO IMPROVE ITS EFFICIENCY
This article examines the sources of financing the social services market and identifies ways to improve their efficiency. The study analyzes the role of state budget funds, extra-budgetary resources, private sector participation, public-private partnership mechanisms, grants, and social investment instruments in ensuring the sustainable development of social services. Particular attention is paid to the efficient allocation of financial resources, transparency of funding mechanisms, targeted support for vulnerable groups, and the improvement of service quality. The article substantiates that diversifying financing sources, strengthening institutional mechanisms, introducing performance-based funding, and expanding digital monitoring systems can significantly increase the efficiency of the social services market.
Social services market, financing sources, public-private partnership, social investment, budget funds, efficiency, social policy, institutional mechanisms.
RAHIM AHMEDOVNING SAN’AT RIVOJIGA QO‘SHGAN HISSASI
Ushbu maqola O`zbekiston xalq rassomi Rahim Ahmedovning ijodiy faoliyati, uning o`zbek tasviriy san`atidagi uni hamda portret janri rivojiga qo`shgan hissasi tahlil qilinadi. Rassom asarlarining badiiy va psixologik xususiyatlari,milliy ruh va inson kechirmalarini aks ettirishdagi mahorati yoritiladi. Shuning dek,Rahim Ahmedov ijodining bugungi san`at taraqqiyotidagi ahamiyati ochib beriladi.
tasviriy san`at, portret janri, rangtasvir, o`zbek rassomligi, badiiy mahorat, milliy obraz.
БИОСИНТЕЗ БЕЛКА: МОЛЕКУЛЯРНЫЕ МЕХАНИЗМЫ, КОМПАРТМЕНТАЛИЗАЦИЯ И ПРОТЕОСТАЗ
Систематизировать современные представления о ключевых этапах биосинтеза белка, механизмах его пространственной организации, роли шаперонов и регуляции трансляции через вариабельность скорости элонгации.
STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE, INDUSTRY AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN KASON DISTRICT DURING THE YEARS OF INDEPENDENCE
This article provides a systematic analysis of the stages of economic development of the Koson district, one of the largest regions of the Kashkadarya region, during the years of independence. The article highlights the agrarian reforms in the district, the transition from cotton monopoly to diversified agriculture, the growth of industrial potential, and the stages of formation of small business and private entrepreneurship based on archival data and statistical indicators. Also, structural changes and the dynamics of economic growth implemented in the district are described in the form of textual analysis over the years.
Koson district, years of independence, agriculture, industrialization, cluster system, small business, private entrepreneurship, economic growth, structural reforms.
ZAMONAVIY SPORT FARMAKOLOGIYASIDA OʻSIMLIK ASOSIDAGI VOSITALARNI FOYDALANISH ISTIQBOLLARI
Ushbu maqolada zamonaviy sport farmakologiyasida fitopreparatlar va oʻsimlik ekstraktlarini qoʻllashning ilmiy asoslari, ularning ta’sir mexanizmlari hamda rivojlanish istiqbollari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda adaptogenlar, fitoekdisteroidlar va antioksidantlarning sportchilar organizmiga ta’siri, molekulyar darajadagi ta’sir yoʻllari, shuningdek, Oʻrta Osiyo florasiga xos boʻlgan dorivor oʻsimliklarning ahamiyati keng yoritilgan. Bundan tashqari, Butunjahon antioping agentligining (WADA) talablari va innovatsion ekstraksiya texnologiyalarining oʻrni koʻrib chiqiladi.
sport farmakologiyasi, adaptogenlar, fitoekdisteroidlar, antioksidantlar, WADA, innovatsion ekstraksiya texnologiyalari.
МАГИЧЕСКИЙ РЕАЛИЗМ КАК СПОСОБ ПРЕОДОЛЕНИЯ ТРАВМЫ КОЛЛЕКТИВНОЙ ПАМЯТИ: УЗБЕКСКАЯ, РУССКАЯ И ЛАТИНОАМЕРИКАНСКАЯ МОДЕЛИ
Коллективная травма (гражданские войны, репрессии, модернизационное насилие) часто не поддается прямой репрезентации в реалистическом дискурсе. Магический реализм предлагает альтернативную стратегию: введение чудесного позволяет говорить о травме метафорически, не нарушая границ психологического правдоподобия. Методы. Компаративный и нарратологический анализ трех текстов: «Сто лет одиночества» Г. Гарсиа Маркеса (травма гражданских войн в Колумбии), «Колымские рассказы» В. Шаламова (травма сталинских лагерей) — с оговоркой о трансформации жанра, и повесть «Проклятие» («Laʼnat») узбекского писателя Т. Малика (травма раскулачивания и коллективизации в Узбекистане).
магический реализм, коллективная травма, память, Гарсиа Маркес, Шаламов, Т. Малик, постколониализм, свидетельствование.
ACTIVITY-BASED MODELLING OF PHYSICAL EXPERIMENTS: THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS AND PEDAGOGICAL DESIGN
Physical experimentation is a cornerstone of science education, yet the transition from hands-on laboratory work to digital simulation environments raises fundamental pedagogical questions about how students construct understanding through modelling activity. This paper argues that Activity Theory - as developed by Vygotsky, Leontiev, and Davydov within the cultural-historical tradition - provides the most coherent theoretical foundation for the pedagogical design of physical experiment modelling. The paper identifies three activity-theoretic principles that are especially consequential for modelling instruction: the primacy of joint (collective) activity over individual activity in the formation of higher mental functions; the mediating role of signs and symbolic tools in the development of scientific reasoning; and the necessity of reflective activity as the condition for genuine appropriation of modelling skills.
physical experiment modelling, activity theory, Vygotsky, zone of proximal development, reflective learning, digital simulation, science education, collective activity, motivational structure.
THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF BANK CREDIT PORTFOLIOS IN UZBEKISTAN
In modern conditions, the stability and sustainable development of the banking system of Uzbekistan largely depend on the quality of commercial banks’ credit portfolios. Since the credit portfolio constitutes the major share of bank assets, its efficiency directly affects the overall financial condition and risk exposure of banks. In recent years, a significant expansion in lending activities has been observed in the national banking system. According to data from the Central Bank of Uzbekistan, the total volume of commercial banks’ credit portfolios has exceeded 600 trillion UZS, which further increases the relevance of effective credit risk management and improvement of portfolio quality [1].
ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT CLIMATE BY REGIONS AND ITS IMPACT ON INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS
In the conditions of modern economy, the level of socio-economic development of the regions is largely determined by investment flows. Investment, in turn, is directly related to the quality and level of the investment climate formed in a particular area. Investment climate is the complex combination of economic, legal, political, institutional and infrastructural conditions for investors that is the main factor determining the effectiveness of capital investments. In this regard, the assessment of the investment climate in the context of regions and its impact on investment attractiveness is a scientifically and practically relevant issue. In the current era of increasing global economic integration, competition between countries to attract investment is becoming increasingly intense. Reducing regional development imbalances by improving the investment climate is an important strategic task, especially for developing countries, including Uzbekistan. By assessing the investment climate by regions, it is possible to create new jobs, increase export potential, and reduce interregional economic gaps.
DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION OF ECONOMIC POTENTIAL MANAGEMENT IN SERVICE ENTERPRISES: A STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY APPROACH
This article examines the issues of improving the economic potential management system in service enterprises based on digital transformation. In the conditions of the modern economy, the rapid development of digital technologies, in particular artificial intelligence, big data (Big Data) and digital platforms, is becoming an important factor in increasing the efficiency of management in the service sector. During the study, the content of the concept of economic potential was expanded, and its structural elements - material, financial, human capital and intellectual resources - were analyzed based on a systematic approach. The article studies the current state of economic potential management in service enterprises and assesses the impact of digital transformation processes on this system. It also substantiates the possibilities of optimizing management processes, increasing the efficiency of resource use and strengthening competitiveness by developing a digital model of economic potential management. The results of the study serve to increase the efficiency of using digital technologies in making strategic management decisions in service enterprises.
Digital transformation, economic potential, service enterprises, strategic management, efficiency, innovation, artificial intelligence, Big Data, competitiveness, resource utilization.
SHAHAR JAMOAT YO‘LOVCHI TRANSPORTI YO‘NALISHLARIDA YO‘LOVCHILAR OQIMINING TAQSIMLANISHI VA UNING HARAKAT MUNTAZAMLIGIGA TA’SIRI
Mazkur maqolada Qo‘qon shahri 24-avtobus yo‘nalishi misolida yo‘lovchilar oqimining bekatlar bo‘yicha taqsimlanishi tahlil qilingan. Yo‘lovchilar sonining bekatlar bo‘yicha o‘zgarishi asosida transport vositalari yuklamasi, yo‘lovchi oqimi barqarorligi hamda harakat muntazamligiga ta’sir etuvchi omillar baholangan. Tadqiqot natijalariga ko‘ra, yo‘lovchilar oqimining eng yuqori darajasi 5–7-bekatlar oralig‘ida shakllanib, yo‘nalishning yakuniy qismida kamayish kuzatiladi. Yo‘lovchilar oqimning keskin o‘zgarishlarsiz taqsimlanishi natijasida yo‘nalish bo‘yicha tashish jarayonining muntazamligi yuqori ekanligi aniqlandi. Ushbu natijalar jamoat transporti harakat jadvalini optimallashtirish va yo‘lovchilar uchun xizmat sifatini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.
jamoat transporti, yo‘lovchilar oqimi, harakat muntazamligi, transport yuklamasi, bekatlar bo‘yicha taqsimot, Qo‘qon shahar 24- avtobus yo‘nalishi.
КЛИНИКО МОРФОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ И СОЦИАЛЬНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ ВСТРЕЧАЕМОСТИ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ ЯИЧНИКОВ
Данное исследование посвящено изучению частоты встречаемости новообразований яичников, их клинико-морфологических особенностей, а также взаимосвязи с социально-демографическими факторами. Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о динамичности распространенности данной патологии и значимой роли социальных факторов в ее развитии.
Определить частоту встречаемости новообразований яичников у женщин, изучить их клинико-морфологические особенности и выявить социальные факторы риска.
RETROSPECTIVE CLINICAL AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF OVARIAN NEOPLASMS AND TREATMENT OUTCOMES
Ovarian neoplasms remain a significant issue in modern gynecology due to their high prevalence, variable clinical presentation, and challenges in early diagnosis. This retrospective study evaluates trends in incidence, clinical features, morphological structure, and treatment outcomes among patients with ovarian tumors.
THE ROLE OF MEDIATION IN RESOLVING INTERNATIONAL AND REGIONAL CONFLICTS: PROBLEMS AND SOLUTIONS
This article examines the role of mediation in resolving international and regional conflicts. It analyzes the effectiveness of mediation as a peaceful dispute resolution mechanism and highlights its importance in maintaining global and regional stability. The study discusses the main challenges faced in mediation processes, such as lack of trust between conflicting parties, political pressure, and insufficient legal frameworks. It also proposes possible solutions, including strengthening international legal institutions, increasing the role of neutral mediators, and enhancing diplomatic dialogue. The research emphasizes that mediation is one of the most effective tools for preventing escalation and achieving sustainable peace.
mediation, international conflicts, regional conflicts, conflict resolution, diplomacy, peacebuilding, negotiation, international law, dispute settlement, stability
ULUG' MA'RIFAT TARG'IBOTCHISI G'AZZOLIYNING TIL OFATLARIGA MUNOSABATI
Ushbu maqolada G'azzoliyning til sababli boshning qanday balolarga duchor bo'lishi mumkinligi, yaxshi va yomon so'zning oqibatlari, g'iybat, chaqimchilik, g'aflay, tilyog'lamalik, so'kinib gapirishga bo'lgan fikrlari, umuman olganda, tilning qanday ofatlari borligi haqidagi qarashlari keltirilgan.
Til, din, ofat, iymon, oqibat, g'iybat, chaqimchilik, g'aflat
FAVQULODDA VAZIYATLAR OQIBATLARINI BARTARAF ETISHDA RKB MUHOFAZA QO‘SHINLARI HAMKORLIGIDA SUN’IY INTELLEKT VA ROBOTATEXNIKANING O‘RNI
Ushbu maqolada radiatsion, kimyoviy va biologik (RKB) xavflar mavjud bo‘lgan favqulodda vaziyatlarda muhofaza qo‘shinlarining harakatlarini muvofiqlashtirishda yuqori texnologiyalarning ahamiyati tadqiq etiladi. Sun’iy intellekt (SI) algoritmlari va avtonom robototexnika tizimlarining qo‘llanilishi inson omili xavfini kamaytirish, qaror qabul qilish tezligini oshirish va zararlangan hududlarda monitoring sifatini yaxshilash imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi.
RKB muhofazasi, sun’iy intellekt, robototexnika, dronlar, favqulodda vaziyatlar, avtonom tizimlar, radiatsion monitoring.
FORTIFIKATSION INSHOOTLARNI CHIDAMLILIGINI ANIQLASHGA OID
Ushbu maqolada yuqori aniqlikdagi qurollar va an’anaviy qurollarning ehtimoliy ta’siri natijasida fortifikatsion inshootlarning chidamliligini aniqlash ko‘rib chiqilgan. Fortifikatsion inshootlarning chidamliligini aniqlashda matematik modellashtirish usuli orqali amalga oshirilgan. Matematik modellashtirish orqali olingan natijalardan kelib chiqib, fortifikatsion inshootlarni barpo qilish bo‘yicha xulosa va takliflar berilgan.
fortifikatsion inshoot, matematik modellashtirish, yashovchanlik, o‘q-dori, energiya zarbasi, portlash enegiyasi, zarba kuchi, portlash kuchi, fugasliligi yoki buzish chuqurligi, portlash chuqurligi.
Ushbu mavzu rangning tabiati, uning fizik va psixologik xususiyatlari hamda rangshunoslik fanining tarixiy rivojlanish jarayonini o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Rang inson hayotida muhim o‘rin tutib, u tabiat, san‘at, me‘morchilik va dizayn sohalarida keng qo‘llaniladi. Rangning paydo bo‘lishi yorug‘likning turli to‘lqin uzunliklariga ajralishi bilan bog‘liq bo‘lib, bu hodisa ilmiy jihatdan birinchi marta Isaak Nyuton tomonidan o‘rganilgan. Rangshunoslik tarixi qadimgi davrlardan boshlab shakllanib, Sharq va G‘arb olimlari tomonidan rivojlantirilgan. O‘rta asrlarda ranglar ramziy ma‘nolar bilan izohlangan bo‘lsa, keyinchalik ilm-fan taraqqiyoti natijasida ranglarning fizik, optik va psixologik asoslari chuqur o‘rganila boshlandi. Hozirgi kunda rangshunoslik san‘at ta‘limi, dizayn va arxitektura sohalarida muhim ilmiy-amaliy ahamiyatga ega. Mavzuning dolzarbligi ranglardan to‘g‘ri foydalanish orqali estetik didni rivojlantirish, tasviriy san‘atda ifodaviylikni oshirish hamda ta‘lim jarayonida samarali metodlarni ishlab chiqish bilan belgilanadi.
Rang, rangshunoslik, yorug‘lik, spektr, Nyuton, estetika, dizayn, tasviriy san‘at.
THE SOCIAL-PHILOSOPHICAL CONSEPT OF MEDIA
In todayʼs rapidly developing information and communication technologies, modern media are emerging as a powerful mechanism for the development of not only the stateʼs means of disseminating information, but also the economic, social, political and cultural spheres of society. The research paper analyzes the views and theories related to the origin of the media, the tasks of the media in a democratic society, the factors that have a positive and negative impact on the development of the media space, the role and importance of the media in the development of society. Based on the results of the analysis, practical recommendations have been developed to ensure freedom of information in society, ensure the legal and professional immunity of the media and media workers, and increase the media literacy of the population. The article is recommended for use as a methodological guide by students, teachers, and researchers working in the field of media and journalism.
Media, mass media, society, media literacy, media content, internet, television, digitization, e-government, journalist, blogger, newspaper, magazine.
THE LAW ON THE STATE LANGUAGE IS IN EFFECT
This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the current implementation of the Law on the State Language of the Republic of Uzbekistan, its legal foundations, and its role in the system of state administration. Additionally, the impact of the state language on societal development is examined from the perspective of socio-political factors. During the research, the effectiveness of the law's implementation is evaluated based on official statistical data, existing problems are identified, and scientifically based proposals and recommendations for their resolution are developed.
State language, business correspondence, education system, documents, school administration, language policy, law enforcement, official documents.
“NASOYIM UL-MUHABBAT” VA “TARIXI MUHAMMADIY” ASARIDA CHAHORYORLAR TA’RIFINING QIYOSIY TAHLILI
Ushbu ilmiy maqolada Alisher Navoiyning “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat” hamda Alixonto‘ra Sog‘uniyning “Tarixi Muhammadiy” asarlarida chahoryorlar — Hazrati Abu Bakr Siddiq, Hazrati Umar ibn Xattob, Hazrati Usmon ibn Affon va Hazrati Ali ibn Abu Tolib obrazlarining badiiy-didaktik, tarixiy-ma’rifiy va ma’naviy-axloqiy talqini qiyosiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotning asosiy maqsadi ikki asarda chahoryorlar siymosi qanday estetik vazifa bajarayotgani, ularning fazilatlari qaysi mezonlar asosida saralanayotgani, tasvir usuli, ifoda ohangi, diniy-ma’rifiy mazmuni hamda muallif konsepsiyasi nuqtai nazaridan qanday umumiylik va tafovutlar mavjudligini aniqlashdan iborat. Maqolada “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat”da chahoryorlar tasavvufiy silsila, valoyat, ruhiy kamolot va ma’naviy yetuklik mezonlari bilan bog‘liq holda yoritilishi, “Tarixi Muhammadiy”da esa ular islom tarixining tayanch shaxslari, payg‘ambarimizga eng yaqin sahobalar, adolat, sidq, hayoli fazilat, ilm va shijoat timsollari sifatida kengroq tarixiy-siyra kontekstida talqin qilinishi asoslab beriladi. Shuningdek, maqolada birinchi asarda ixcham, ishoraviy, tazkiraviy va ma’naviy-biografik yondashuv ustuvorligi, ikkinchi asarda esa voqeabandlik, tushuntirish, ommaboplik va tarixiy-didaktik bayon kuchliroq ekani ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tadqiqot natijasida chahoryorlar obrazining ikki asarda ham ideal musulmon shaxs timsoli sifatida talqin etilgani, biroq ularning badiiy vazifasi, semantik og‘irligi va kompozitsion yuklamasi turlicha shakllangani xulosalanadi.
chahoryorlar, Abu Bakr Siddiq, Umar ibn Xattob, Usmon ibn Affon, Ali ibn Abu Tolib, Alisher Navoiy, Alixonto‘ra Sog‘uniy, “Nasoyim ul-muhabbat”, “Tarixi Muhammadiy”, qiyosiy tahlil, tasavvuf, siyrat, tazkira, diniy-ma’rifiy adabiyot, obraz talqini.
АКУСТОСТИМУЛИРОВАННОЕ ПОВЫШЕНИЕ АДГЕЗИИ Au–nSI КОНТАКТОВ ПРИ КОМНАТНОЙ ТЕМПЕРАТУРЕ
В работе исследовано влияние ультразвуковых волн на адгезионную прочность золотых плёнок к кремнию n-типа при комнатной температуре (T ≈ 300 К). Эксперименты показали, что ультразвуковое воздействие приводит к значительному увеличению контактной разности потенциалов и напряжённости электрического поля между Au-плёнкой и Si-подложкой, что обусловливает рост адгезионной прочности более чем в 10 раз. Основным механизмом повышения адгезии является акустостимулированное увеличение концентрации ионизированных центров в приповерхностной области полупроводника. Полученные результаты открывают перспективы создания прочных Au–Si контактов без высокотемпературного термоотжига.
DEVELOPING 10-11 TH GRADE STUDENTS’ LIFE SKILLS IN TEACHING ENGLISH VIA AUTHENTIC MATERIALS
This article investigates the pedagogical effectiveness of employing authentic materials in teaching to 10-11th grade students, with particular emphasis on the development of core life skills, including communication, critical thinking, collaboration, and problem-solving abilities. Besides, it highlights authentic materials created for real-life communicative purposes that are examined as a means of fostering meaningful language use and enhancing learners’ ability to operate in real-world contexts.
life skills, authentic materials, English language teaching, secondary education, communicative competence, real-life contexts, collaboration, motivation.
Akhmadalieva Khosiyatposhsho Abdukhayotovna
MEASURES FOR PROTECTING VISUAL AND AUDITORY ANALYZERS IN INDIVIDUALS ENGAGED IN MENTAL LABOR
In recent years, the widespread implementation of digital technologies has led to increased visual load and acoustic exposure, resulting in decreased visual acuity, the development of “digital eye syndrome,” and functional impairments of the auditory analyzer. According to the World Health Organization, at least 2.2 billion people worldwide experience vision-related problems, a significant proportion of which are preventable. At the same time, more than 1 billion young individuals are exposed to hazardous levels of noise.
POLYGENIC RISK STRATIFICATION OF CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION USING A FIVE-LOCUS SCORING MODEL: DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY AND CLINICAL APPLICABILITY
Cytomegalovirus infection (CMVI) remains one of the most prevalent infectious diseases worldwide, with seroprevalence reaching 85–95% in developing regions including Central Asia (1, 8). The clinical spectrum ranges from asymptomatic latency to severe multi-organ involvement in neonates, pregnant women, and immunocompromised patients (2, 6). Predicting which patients will progress from latent to manifest persistent infection remains a key clinical challenge, as traditional laboratory markers such as viral load and C-reactive protein reflect the current disease state rather than the inherent susceptibility of the host (3, 6). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes regulating immune response (TNF-α, IL-10, TLR4), oxidative stress defense (SOD2), and endothelial function (eNOS) have been individually associated with susceptibility to CMVI; however, no single SNP has demonstrated sufficient discriminative power for clinical application, with individual AUC values typically below 0.70 (4, 5, 7). The polygenic nature of susceptibility to chronic viral infections suggests that a composite approach integrating multiple genetic variants into a single quantitative measure may yield superior predictive accuracy.
(TNF-α, IL-10, TLR4), oxidative stress defense (SOD2), and endothelial function (eNOS)