Global Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation
Global Conference on Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation Aim & Scope: This conference aims to provide an inclusive academic platform for researchers from all disciplines to present original research, review articles, and interdisciplinary studies. It welcomes contributions from sciences, engineering, social sciences, humanities, management, education, and emerging research areas, encouraging cross-disciplinary collaboration and innovation. About E-Conferencia Platform: E-Conferencia is an international open-access online conference platform dedicated to transparent, ethical, and peer-reviewed scholarly communication. All accepted papers are published as open-access conference proceedings through a structured editorial workflow, ensuring global visibility and academic integrity. Hosted Online from: Berlin, Germany Schedule: 2nd of Each Month
МАТЕРИАЛЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ НАУЧНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «ЛИТЕРАТУРА И ФИЛОСОФИЯ: ДИАЛОГ СКВОЗЬ ВЕКА» ТРАГИЧЕСКОЕ ОСОЗНАНИЕ В ЗАРУБЕЖНОЙ ЛИТЕРАТУРЕ: ОТ АНТИЧНОСТИ ДО СОВРЕМЕННОСТИ
В настоящей работе исследуется феномен трагического осознания как универсальной категории литературного сознания — от античной трагедии до европейского романа XIX–XX веков. Анализируются ключевые тексты зарубежной литературы, в которых трагическое осознание выступает не просто эмоциональным переживанием, но экзистенциальным прозрением героя, меняющим его восприятие мира и себя.
трагическое осознание, катарсис, экзистенциализм, античная трагедия, зарубежная литература, герой, судьба.
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
PECULIARITIES OF DEVELOPING VOLITIONAL QUALITIES IN FUTURE TEACHERS BASED ON INTEGRATIVE MODELS
This article explains that the development of the volitional qualities of future teachers is one of the pressing problems of our time and their features. The article also states that the development of volitional qualities depends on a number of integration requirements.
integral models, strong-willed qualities, independence, hard work, self-confidence, self-management, patience, perseverance, courage.
ARCTODIAPTOMUS SALINUS NING SISTEMATIK TARKIBI VA MIQDOR KO‘RSATGICHLARINI BIOTEXNOLOGIK USULDA O‘RGANISH
Ushbu maqolada Arctodiaptomus salinusning yuqori darajadagi sho‘rlangan suvlarda yashovchi zooplankton organizm ekanligi ko‘rsatilgan.Uning taksonomik o‘rni uchrash hududi turli eksprement muhitlarga moslashishi morfologik xususiyatlari , biokimyoviy taqqoslanishi populyatsiyasining tarkibi , turli parametrlarni ko‘zlagan holda ta‘sir doirasini kengaytirish jinsiy dimorfizm va ko‘payish sikli , diapauza holatidagi tuxumlarni hosil qilishi uni zamonaviy biotexnologiya va baliqchilikda muhim bioresurs sifatida ko‘rsatilishi bayon etilgan. Ayniqsa sho‘rlangan suv havzalarida tabiiy tirik ozuqa bazasini yaratishda katta ahamiyatga ega . Bu ozuqa bazasi dengiz va chuchuk suv baliqlari turlarining lichinkalarini oziqlantirish uchun mos keladi ammo, bu turlarning ishlab chiqarish xususiyatlari kam o'rganilgan.
Morfologiya, Atrof-muhit omillari Trofik munosabatlar, Kopepoda; Arctodiaptomus salinus; Tana hajmi; Jinsiy dimorfizm; O'zgaruvchanlik, sistematik o‘rn, biokimyoviy taqqoslanish.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MOTIVATION IN LEARNING ENGLISH
This article examines the role and significance of motivation in the process of learning English. In the era of globalization, English has become an essential tool for international communication, education, science, information technology, and professional development. As a result, the demand for learning English among students and young people is steadily increasing. However, language learning is a complex and long-term process that requires patience, consistency, and strong personal commitment. Motivation plays a crucial role in enhancing learners’ interest, perseverance, and determination to achieve successful outcomes. The article discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, goal setting, the role of teachers, the influence of the learning environment, and the contribution of modern technologies and practical activities to increasing learners’ motivation. Furthermore, it emphasizes that highly motivated students tend to be more active, independent, and achievement-oriented in the language learning process.
English language, motivation, language learning, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, students, educational process, goals, interest, independent learning, foreign language, communicative approach.
THEORETICAL APPROACHES AND COMPLEX INDICATORS SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF WATER RESOURCES USE IN AGRICULTURE
This thesis analyzes theoretical approaches to assessing the economic efficiency of water resources use in agriculture and a system of complex indicators. The study studies the main economic, environmental and technical indicators used to assess the efficiency of water use and highlights their interrelationships. It also substantiates the need for integrated and systematic approaches to fully assess the efficiency of resource use. As a result, scientific and practical conclusions have been developed on the formation of a system of complex indicators that serve to increase the efficiency of water resources use.
water resources, economic efficiency, agriculture, complex indicators, assessment system, water consumption, productivity, profitability, resource use, integrated approach.
IDIOLECT AND CONCEPTOSPHERE IN MODERNIST LITERARY TEXTS FROM A COGNITIVE STYLISTIC PERSPECTIVE
The article examines the interrelation between idiolect and conceptosphere in modernist literary texts. The study is based on the theoretical assumption that an author’s individual language is not only a stylistic marker but also a mechanism that activates conceptual meaning. Modernist prose is especially productive for this purpose because its semantic structure is often built through indirect expression, syntactic economy, repetition, silence and implicit meaning. The paper discusses the works of Ernest Hemingway, Virginia Woolf, William Faulkner, Gertrude Stein and F. Scott Fitzgerald as a general literary context, while Hemingway’s minimalist prose is treated as a particularly illustrative case. The analysis shows that concepts such as time, memory, fear, courage, life and death are often not directly explained in modernist texts; rather, they are reconstructed by the reader through recurrent idiolectal features. The article argues that the conceptosphere of a literary text cannot be adequately described without considering the individual language of the author. This approach is relevant for both literary interpretation and translation studies, since the loss of idiolectal markers may lead to the weakening of conceptual meaning in translation.
idiolect, conceptosphere, modernism, cognitive stylistics, literary text, implicit meaning, authorial worldview.
METABOLIC REPROGRAMMING AS A KEY MECHANISM OF ONCOGENESIS: FROM THE CLASSICAL THEORY OF SOMATIC MUTATIONS TO AN INTEGRATED MODEL OF CANCER
Cancer has traditionally been viewed as a genetic disease caused by the sequential accumulation of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. However, the literature increasingly shows a significant paradigm shift: oncogenesis is now understood as a complex, multilevel process in which metabolic and epigenetic disturbances may play a role that is at least as important as, and potentially more primary than, genetic alterations. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of modern views on the biochemical mechanisms of carcinogenesis. It examines the limitations of the classical mutation theory, discusses metabolic reprogramming in detail, including the Warburg effect and its modern interpretation, and considers the roles of reactive oxygen species, oncometabolites, environmental factors such as heavy metals, and the clinical prospects of targeted therapy. Special attention is given to the critical relationship among the genome, epigenome, and metabolome, the disruption of which underlies malignant transformation.
reactive oxygen species, oncometabolites, environmental factors
ПОВЫШЕНИЕ РОЛИ МЕСТНЫХ НАЛОГОВ В ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИИ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ МЕСТНЫХ БЮДЖЕТОВ
В тезисе рассматривается роль местных налогов в формировании доходной базы территориальных бюджетов и укреплении финансовой самостоятельности регионов. Особое внимание уделено совершенствованию механизмов исчисления и взимания имущественных и земельных налогов в Узбекистане на основе кадастровых данных, цифровизации налоговых услуг и дифференциации налоговых ставок. На основе анализа доходов Государственного и местных бюджетов за 2020–2024 годы обосновано значение повышения доли местных налогов для устойчивого развития территорий.
местные налоги, местный бюджет, имущественные налоги, земельный налог, кадастровая стоимость, налоговое администрирование, налоговая база, налоговые поступления, финансовая самостоятельность, территориальные бюджеты, фискальная политика.
BOJXONA TIZIMIDA INSON RESURSLARINI BARQAROR RIVOJLANTIRISHDA HUQUQIY MEXANIZMLARNING AHAMIYATI
Mazkur tezisda mamlakatimiz bojxona organlari tizimida inson resurslarini barqaror rivojlantirishda huquqiy mexanizmlarning o‘rni va ahamiyati tahlil qilinadi. Kadrlarni saralash, tanlash, lavozimlarga tayinlash, xizmat faoliyatini baholash, malakasini oshirish va ijtimoiy himoya qilish jarayonlarini huquqiy jihatdan tartibga solishning ahamiyati yoritilib, sohani takomillashtirish bo‘yicha takliflar ilgari suriladi.
bojxona xizmati, inson resurslari, huquqiy mexanizm, kadrlar siyosati, meritokratiya, xizmat faoliyatini baholash, malaka oshirish, kadrlar barqarorligi.
LEVERAGING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR INCLUSIVE ENGLISH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT: A FOCUS ON WRITING SKILLS
Inclusive education demands that all learners — regardless of cognitive, linguistic, or physical diversity — have equitable access to high-quality English language instruction. The rapid proliferation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools in educational contexts has opened transformative possibilities for personalised, adaptive, and inclusive writing pedagogy. This paper examines how AI-powered technologies, including large language models, automated writing evaluation (AWE) systems, and multimodal feedback platforms, can be systematically integrated into English as a Foreign Language (EFL) writing instruction to support diverse learner populations. Drawing on current empirical research and pedagogical frameworks, the study analyses benefits, challenges, and ethical considerations of AI-assisted inclusive writing education. The findings suggest that when thoughtfully implemented, AI tools significantly reduce barriers for learners with diverse needs while enhancing overall writing proficiency outcomes.
artificial intelligence, inclusive education, EFL writing, adaptive learning, automated writing evaluation, language diversity
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INTERNATIONAL PRACTICES FOR IMPROVING RESOURCE EFFICIENCY IN INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISES
This study presents a comparative analysis of international experience in improving the economic efficiency of resource utilization in industry using the examples of Sweden, Singapore, and South Korea. The study examines modern approaches to industrial resource management, including green industrial transformation, energy efficiency systems, and smart manufacturing technologies. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of adapting international practices to developing economies. analyzes the impact of digital transformation on productivity growth in global apparel value chains. The study focuses on the application of advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence, automation systems, and digital supply chain platforms in the textile and garment industry. In the context of globalization, apparel production is organized through complex international networks, where efficiency depends on coordination, information flow, and technological integration. The research is based on the analysis of international reports and academic literature from international organizations.
resource efficiency, industrial development, smart manufacturing, energy efficiency, green industry, Sweden, Singapore, South Korea
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ LEARNING ENGAGEMENT IN HIGHER EDUCATION THROUGH A SMART LEARNING ENVIRONMENT AND THE “INDEPENDENT LEARNING” PLATFORM BASED ON THE EXPERIENCE OF THE KOREAN EDUCATION SYSTEM
This thesis explores the development of students’ independent learning activities in higher education based on the smart learning environment model implemented in the Korean education system. The study emphasizes that a learning environment organized through modern digital technologies serves as an important factor in increasing students’ academic engagement and learning activity.
Smart learning environment, digital educational platform, independent learning, Korean education system, student engagement, mobile learning, interactive learning, educational technologies.
TRANSLATOLOGICAL PROBLEMS IN TRANSLATING ENGLISH TECHNICAL TERMS INTO UZBEK AND RUSSIAN
This thesis examines the main translatological problems that arise when English technical terms are translated into Uzbek and Russian. Technical terminology is one of the most active layers of professional vocabulary because new concepts, devices, methods and digital systems are usually named first in English and then transferred into other languages. The purpose of this thesis is to identify structural, semantic and functional difficulties in translating English technical terms into Uzbek and Russian. The study is based on descriptive, comparative and translatological methods. The findings show that the main problems are connected with the absence of direct equivalents, polysemy, synonymy, abbreviation, calquing, borrowing, semantic narrowing, contextual dependence and differences in word-formation models. The thesis concludes that successful translation of technical terms requires not only linguistic competence, but also subject knowledge, terminological consistency and awareness of standard usage in the target language.
technical terms, translation, English, Uzbek, Russian, translatology, equivalence, terminology, borrowing, calquing, technical discourse.
INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK ADABIYOTIDA EVRILISH MOTIVINING BADIIY-ESTETIK TALQINI
Mazkur maqolada ingliz va o‘zbek adabiyotida “evrilish” motivining badiiy-estetik, ijtimoiy-falsafiy va psixologik talqini tahlil qilinadi. Evrilish motivi adabiy asarlarda inson ruhiyati, axloqiy qarashlari, jamiyatdagi mavqei va ichki dunyosining o‘zgarishi bilan bog‘liq murakkab badiiy hodisa sifatida namoyon bo‘ladi. Ingliz adabiyotida bu motiv ko‘proq shaxs va jamiyat o‘rtasidagi ziddiyat, ichki ikkilanish, ma’naviy inqiroz va identiklik muammosi orqali ifodalansa, o‘zbek adabiyotida evrilish ko‘pincha ma’naviy uyg‘onish, ijtimoiy bosim, milliy qadriyatlar va axloqiy tanlov bilan bog‘liq holda tasvirlanadi. Maqolada Robert Louis Stevenson, Lewis Carroll, Virginia Woolf, Thomas Hardy, Alisher Navoiy, Abdulla Qodiriy va Cho‘lpon ijodidagi evrilish holatlari qiyosiy yondashuv asosida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, evrilish motivi har ikki adabiyotda ham insonning ichki va tashqi olam bilan kurashini ochib beruvchi muhim badiiy vosita hisoblanadi.
evrilish motivi, ingliz adabiyoti, o‘zbek adabiyoti, ruhiy o‘zgarish, ijtimoiy muhit, identiklik, ma’naviy uyg‘onish, badiiy talqin.
INSTITUTIONAL APPROACHES TO NATIONAL CURRENCY STABILITY: THE ROLE OF GOVERNANCE AND REPUTATION
This article explores the institutional determinants of currency stability, moving beyond the traditional monetarist focus on supply and demand. It examines how Central Bank Independence (CBI), the Rule of Law, and the quality of regulatory frameworks serve as the "soft infrastructure" for currency value. The study analyzes the "Credibility Gap" and demonstrates that institutional transparency reduces the risk premium associated with national currencies. The paper concludes that for emerging economies, institutional reform is as critical to exchange rate stability as technical monetary intervention.
Institutional Economics, Central Bank Independence (CBI), Rule of Law, Monetary Credibility, Governance Quality, Currency Stability, New Institutional Economics (NIE), Transaction Costs.
HUMANISTIC IDEAS IN THE WORKS OF V. RASPUTIN AND THEIR PEDAGOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This article examines the humanistic ideas embodied in the artistic and publicistic heritage of Valentin Grigoryevich Rasputin and interprets their pedagogical significance for contemporary moral, aesthetic, ecological and civic education. The central thesis of the study is that Rasputin’s prose does not merely describe the fate of the Russian village, the trauma of social rupture, or the tragedy of moral alienation; it constructs a complex educational field in which the reader is invited to compare personal conduct with the categories of conscience, compassion, memory, responsibility, intergenerational continuity and reverence for the native land. The article focuses on such works as “French Lessons,” “The Last Term,” “Live and Remember,” “Farewell to Matyora” and selected publicistic statements, because they reveal the writer’s persistent attention to the dignity of the human person, the ethical authority of elders, the formative value of kindness, the spiritual role of literature and the destructive consequences of utilitarian attitudes toward people and nature.
Valentin Rasputin, humanism, pedagogical significance, moral education, literature teaching, folk pedagogy, value education, conscience, compassion, ecological responsibility, spiritual culture.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TRAINING AIMED AT DEVELOPING PEDAGOGICAL COMMUNICATION
The article addresses the problem of the effectiveness of training future teachers in pedagogical communication. The author analyzes theoretical approaches to the concept of pedagogical communication, identifies the structural components of communicative competence, and considers the main forms, methods, and pedagogical conditions that ensure the effectiveness of communicative training. Special attention is paid to criteria for assessing the effectiveness of training, factors influencing its results, and recommendations for improving the system of communicative preparation in higher pedagogical education. The findings indicate that the systematic application of active and interactive methods — microteaching, video analysis, business games, situational tasks, and reflective workshops — substantially increases the communicative readiness of future teachers, particularly when combined with sustained reflective practice and supportive institutional conditions. The article is addressed to teachers of pedagogical higher educational institutions, methodologists, and researchers engaged in the problems of professional preparation of future teachers of primary classes and preschool institutions.
pedagogical communication, communicative competence, future teacher, professional training, effectiveness, interactive methods, microteaching, reflection, primary education, preschool education.
EVALUATION OF OPTICAL AND ELECTROPHYSICAL PARAMETERS OF OXIDE THIN FILMS DEPOSITED ON DIELECTRIC SUBSTRATES
Oxide semiconductor thin films have become highly important materials in modern electronics, optoelectronics, and renewable energy technologies due to their unique optical and electrophysical properties. ZnO, CuO, and Cu₂O thin films exhibit considerable potential for application in photovoltaic systems, transparent conductive coatings, photodetectors, and sensor devices. The functional characteristics of these materials strongly depend on their structural organization, optical behavior, and electrical transport properties. The present study investigates the optical and electrophysical parameters of oxide semiconductor thin films deposited on dielectric substrates using ion-plasma technology. Particular attention was devoted to the relationship between structural characteristics, optical absorption behavior, and electrical conductivity of the synthesized films. The obtained results demonstrated that deposition conditions significantly influence optical transparency, absorption coefficient, electrical resistivity, and charge transport characteristics of oxide semiconductor layers. ZnO thin films exhibited high optical transparency and stable conductivity, while CuO and Cu₂O films demonstrated strong optical absorption within the visible spectral region. The investigated oxide thin films showed favorable electrophysical and optical characteristics suitable for application in optoelectronic systems and renewable energy technologies. The obtained results confirm that ion-plasma deposition provides effective control over the functional parameters of semiconductor oxide films.
Oxide thin films, optical properties, electrophysical characteristics, ZnO, CuO, Cu₂O, ion-plasma deposition, semiconductor materials.
X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS OF ZnO, CuO, ANd Cu₂O THIN FILMS DEPOSITED BY ION-PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
Thin-film semiconductor oxides such as ZnO, CuO, and Cu₂O attract considerable scientific interest due to their unique structural, optical, and electrophysical properties. The functional characteristics of these materials strongly depend on crystal structure, phase composition, and microstructural organization formed during synthesis. X-ray diffraction analysis remains one of the most effective methods for investigating structural properties of semiconductor thin films. The present study investigates structural characteristics of ZnO, CuO, and Cu₂O thin films deposited on dielectric substrates using ion-plasma technology. Particular attention was devoted to comparative analysis of phase composition, crystallographic orientation, crystallite size, and structural ordering of the obtained semiconductor layers. X-ray diffraction investigations demonstrated formation of polycrystalline semiconductor structures with characteristic crystal phases corresponding to hexagonal ZnO, monoclinic CuO, and cubic Cu₂O. Deposition conditions significantly influenced diffraction peak intensity, crystallinity, and structural homogeneity of the films. The obtained results indicate that ion-plasma deposition technology enables controlled formation of structurally stable oxide semiconductor films with favorable crystallographic characteristics suitable for optoelectronic and energy-related applications.
X-ray diffraction, ZnO thin films, CuO thin films, Cu₂O thin films, ion-plasma deposition, crystal structure, semiconductor oxides, phase analysis
INVESTIGATION OF PHASE FORMATION PROCESSES IN CU₂O THIN FILMS PREPARED BY ION-PLASMA TECHNOLOGY
Copper(I) oxide (Cu₂O) thin films are considered promising semiconductor materials for modern optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and energy-related applications due to their direct band gap, high absorption coefficient, low toxicity, and favorable electrical properties. The structural and phase composition of Cu₂O films strongly depend on synthesis conditions and deposition technology. The present study investigates phase formation processes in Cu₂O thin films synthesized on dielectric substrates using ion-plasma deposition technology. Particular attention was devoted to the influence of deposition parameters on crystallization behavior, phase stability, microstructural evolution, and electrophysical characteristics of the obtained films. Structural analysis revealed successful formation of polycrystalline Cu₂O thin films with cubic crystal structure under optimized oxygen concentration and plasma conditions. Variations in deposition parameters significantly influenced phase composition, crystallite size, and defect concentration within the films. The obtained results demonstrated that controlled ion-plasma deposition enables stabilization of Cu₂O phases and suppression of secondary copper oxide structures. Improved structural ordering contributed to enhanced electrical properties and increased uniformity of the semiconductor layers. The investigated Cu₂O thin films exhibit promising potential for application in photovoltaic systems, optoelectronic devices, and semiconductor energy technologies.
Cu₂O thin films, ion-plasma deposition, phase formation, crystal structure, semiconductor materials, electrophysical properties, dielectric substrate, copper oxide semiconductors.
INVESTIGATION OF THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND ELECTROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO THIN FILMS GROWN BY ION-PLASMA DEPOSITION
Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films are widely used in modern electronics, optoelectronics, sensor systems, and photovoltaic technologies due to their unique structural and electrophysical properties. The characteristics of ZnO films strongly depend on deposition conditions and technological parameters used during synthesis. Among various fabrication methods, ion-plasma deposition is considered one of the most effective techniques for obtaining high-quality semiconductor thin films with controlled structural properties.
ZnO thin films, ion-plasma deposition, crystal structure, electrophysical properties, semiconductor materials, dielectric substrate, electrical conductivity, wurtzite structure.
INFLUENCE OF CRYSTALLITE SIZE ON THE ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZNO AND CUO THIN FILMS
The structural characteristics of semiconductor thin films play a crucial role in determining their electrical and functional behavior. Among various microstructural parameters, crystallite size significantly influences charge transport mechanisms, carrier mobility, grain boundary effects, and electrical conductivity of oxide semiconductor materials. ZnO and CuO thin films are widely used in optoelectronic devices, photovoltaic systems, sensors, and nanoelectronic technologies due to their favorable semiconductor properties.
ECONOMIC MODELS OF INCREASING EMPLOYMENT THROUGH DEVELOPMENT OF SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE IN REGIONS
This article scientifically analyzes economic models for increasing employment through the development of service infrastructure in the regions. The study identifies the relationship between the territorial development of the service sector, the level of infrastructure provision and employment indicators. The role of the expansion of service infrastructure in creating new jobs, effective use of labor resources, and reducing interregional socio-economic disparities is revealed. The article examines economic models based on clustering, digital infrastructure, public-private partnerships, and the service economy on the basis of a systematic approach and substantiates the possibilities of their application in the conditions of the regions of Uzbekistan. The results of the study serve to develop scientific and practical proposals aimed at improving regional employment policy and ensuring the sustainable development of the service sector.
service infrastructure, regional development, employment, economic models, service economy, new jobs, public-private partnership, digital infrastructure, regional employment policy.
ПАМЯТЬ КАК МОРАЛЬНЫЙ И ДУХОВНЫЙ ОРИЕНТИР В РОМАНЕ “ПРЕДЧУВСТВИЕ КОНЦА”
В этой статье изучается значение памяти как нравственного и душевного ориентира в романе “Предчувствие конца”. Новейшая английская проза нередко затрагивает вопросы шаткости памяти, человеческого разума и отыскания этической правды. В произведении Джулиана Барнса память представляется не просто как воспоминание о минувшем, но и как ментальная и моральная мощь, которая формирует индивида, чувство вины и самосознания. Посредством образа Тони Вебстера автор демонстрирует, каким образом человек переосмысливает свое прошлое, стараясь обосновать личные деяния и уклониться от тягостной истины. Роман показывает, что память способна стать путем к духовному прозрению и моральному долгу.
память, мораль, пробуждение личности, духовный ориентир, чувство вины, самопознание, ответственность, сознание, Джулиан Барнс, современная британская литература.
NONVERBAL DISCOURSE AND THE COMMUNICATIVE-PRAGMATIC FUNCTIONS OF INTONATION: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ENGLISH AND UZBEK REPORTAGES
The present article investigates the communicative-pragmatic and emotional functions of intonation within nonverbal discourse on the basis of English and Uzbek media reportages. In modern media communication, intonation functions not merely as a phonetic phenomenon, but also as a significant paralinguistic instrument that shapes pragmatic meaning, emotional evaluation, ideological positioning, and audience perception. The study aims to identify the similarities and differences in the use of intonation in English and Uzbek reportages and to determine how prosodic features contribute to the communicative effectiveness of journalistic speech.
Nonverbal discourse, intonation, paralinguistics, media discourse, reportage, communicative pragmatics, English language, Uzbek language.
DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF PRIORITY IN THE AUDIT SCHEDULING FEATURES
In the process of auditing the auditor, the sources that determine the content of users' economic decisions on the data that substantiate the composition of the subject funds and sources of their creation are considered important and they represent the composition of the level of importance. The importance level is used in auditing practice in accordance with the current standards No. 320 "Importance in planning the audit of financial statements" and No. 450 "Assessment of identified distortions in the course of the audit." However, these standards do not contain a clear methodology for determining and applying importance, as well as specific requirements for the level of importance.
SHUKUR XOLMIRZAYEVNING” O’N SAKKIZGA KIRMAGAN KIM BOR” QISSASIDAGI QAHRAMONLAR TALQINI
Insoniyat yashab turgan bu kurraizamin necha-nechalab rivojlanish, o’zgarish va sivilizatsiyalarni boshdan kechirib kelmoqda.Yaratilgan har qanday texnika va texnologiyalar insoniyat hayotini yengillatishga xizmat qilmoqda.Ammo shunday bir vosita borki, u odamzot ma’naviyatini, tafakkurini rivojiga hiossa qo’shadi.Bu – adabiyot. Ijodkor tomonidan yaratilgan har qanday asar ham zamonlar osha kitobxonlar tomonidan mazza qilib “iste’mol” qilinavermaydi.Qayta -qayta o’qilaverganidan, qo’lma-qo’l bo’lib hali u javonda, hali bu javonda yurgan shunday asarlar borki, go’yo o’qiganing sari qahramonlar sen yashab turgan olamda bordek, sening bir bo’lagingdek bo’lib qoladi.O’zbek adabiyotida ham o’zining turfa hikoyalari, qissa va romanlari bilan alohida o’ringa ega bo’lgan, Surxandaryo zamining yetuk farzandi Shukur Xolmirzayev asarlari yuqorida aytib o’tganimizdek kitobxonlarning sevimli asariga aylanib ulgurdi desak mubolag’a bo’lmaydi.Ijodkor yaratgan hikoyalarda inson ruhiyati, tabiat tasviri, turfa insonlarning bir-birini takrorlamas voqealari va hikoya qahramonlari bilan uyg’unlashib ketgan roviy nutqi mahorat bilan qalamga olingan bo’lsa, qissalarida personajlarning chigal taqdirlari, chuqur ruhiy kechinmalari, o’zaro ziddiyatlar qurshovi mohirlik bilan ochib berilgan. Adibning” “Oq otli”, “O‘n sakkizga kirmagan kim bor”, “Yo‘llar, yo‘ldoshlar”,“Tuproq ko‘chalar”, “Yur, tog‘larga ketamiz!”, “Ot yili” kabi qissalarida o‘ziga xos mavzu, sujeti bilan alohida ahamiyat kasb etadi
hikoya, qissa, pesonaj, nutq, roviy,ruhiyat,sujet, Oq otli, Tuproq ko’chalar, O’n sakkizga kirmagan kim bor, roman
THE ROLE OF LINGUCULTURAL COMPETENCE IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING
This thesis examines the role of lingucultural competence in foreign language learning and explains why successful language acquisition cannot be limited to grammar, vocabulary and pronunciation. Lingucultural competence is understood as the learner’s ability to understand, interpret and use language in connection with cultural meanings, social norms, values, traditions and communicative behavior. The thesis argues that foreign language learning becomes more effective when linguistic knowledge is integrated with cultural awareness, because language reflects the worldview of its speakers. The study is based on theoretical analysis of linguistic, cultural and pedagogical sources. The findings show that lingucultural competence improves communicative accuracy, reduces intercultural misunderstanding and develops learners’ ability to participate in real communication.
lingucultural competence, foreign language learning, intercultural communication, cultural awareness, communicative competence, language teaching.
TO‘G‘RI BICHIMLI YUBKANI TIKISH VA MODELLASHTIRISH MAVZUSINI GRAFIK ORGANAYZERLARDAN FOYDALANIB O‘QITISH METODIKASI
Mazkur maqolada grafik organayzerlardan foydalangan holda to‘g‘ri bichimli yubkani tikish va modellashtirish jarayonini o‘qitishda grafik organayzerlardan foydalanishniung samarali usullari yoritilib berilgan. Grafik organayzerlar o‘quvchilarning bilimlarini yanada yaxshi o‘zlashtirishda, tizimlashtirishda, ijodiy fikrlashini yanada rivojlantirishda va hamda amaliy ko‘nikmalarni mustahkamlashda katta xizmat ko‘rsatadi.
To‘g‘ri bichimli yubka, modellashtirish, tikuvchilik, grafik organayzer, metodika, ta’lim jarayoni.
THE ROLE OF COMPLEX SENTENCES IN THE ARTISTIC STYLE OF ERNEST HEMINWAY AND SAID AHMAD
This article presents a comparative analysis of the stylistic functions of complex sentences in the prose of E. Hemingway and Said Ahmad. The research is based on Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls and Said Ahmad’s Ufq, Jimjitlik, Qo’shchinor chiroqlari. Five principal stylistic features of Hemingway’s complex sentence usage (la-conic subordination, rhythmic contrast, dramatic tension, character revelation, subtext) and five char-acteristic features of Said Ahmad’s usage (multi-layered description, emotional intensification, folk rhythm, philosophical generalization, lyrical digression) have been identified. For the first time, the “Grammatical Complexity Index” (GCI) formula is developed and applied to the works of both writers. GCI results show that Hemingway’s average GCI is 1.18, while Said Ahmad’s is 1.72. Hemingway’s “semantic condensation” and Said Ahmad’s “descriptive expansion” strategies are scientifically sub-stantiated. A Lexical Diversity Index (LDI) analysis within complex sentences is also conducted: Hemingway 0.64, Said Ahmad 0.81.
Complex sentence, stylistic function, literary style, comparative analysis, E. Hemingway, Said Ahmad, Grammatical Complexity Index, semantic condensation, descriptive expansion, subor-dination, linguostylistics.